Where our Brazil families are
Smartious Brazil families concentrate across São Paulo (Latin America's financial capital and the deepest international and bilingual school market in South America, at regional-record fees), Rio de Janeiro (the pre-salt energy capital, with the offshore-services belt running north to Macaé), Brasília (one of the largest diplomatic communities in the Southern Hemisphere, defined by three- and four-year postings), Belo Horizonte and Minas Gerais (the iron-ore and metallurgy heartland with thinner provision than its size suggests), and Florianópolis and Santa Catarina (the technology and remote-work capital, and the state whose homeschooling law was struck down). One settled legal position, one supplementary configuration, and a timezone that actually works.
Latin America's financial and corporate capital · the deepest international and bilingual school market in South America · fees among the highest in the region · a vast professional class outside them
The energy capital — Petrobras and the pre-salt operators · creative industries and a large international community · established British and American schools · Macaé and the offshore corridor to the north
The federal capital · one of the largest diplomatic communities in the Southern Hemisphere · federal government, courts and regulators · an international school market shaped by rotation
The mining and metallurgy capital — iron ore, the Quadrilátero Ferrífero and the international mining houses · a major medical and engineering academic centre · thinner international provision than its size suggests
Brazil's technology and remote-work capital · a fast-growing international resident community · Joinville and Blumenau's German-heritage industrial belt · schooling that has not matched the inflow
How Smartious compares to top Brazil schools
Brazil has a large and sophisticated international and bilingual school market — St Paul's, Graded, Chapel and the British and American schools in São Paulo, the British School and Escola Americana in Rio, the American School of Brasília, and an escola bilíngue sector that has expanded rapidly. These are strong institutions. Two gaps are real and neither is about quality: the fees at the top of the market are among the highest in Latin America, and Cambridge A-Level provision is thinner than IB and American provision, which matters for anyone applying through UCAS.
| School | Curriculum | Fees (BRL/year) | Status / Rating | Reality check |
|---|---|---|---|---|
St Paul's, Graded, Chapel and the São Paulo tier São Paulo | British, American and IB | Premium tier | 4.8 | Excellent and long-established — the regional benchmark |
The British School and Escola Americana Rio de Janeiro | British, American and IB | Competitive places | 4.6 | A short list of strong options for a large energy community |
The escola bilíngue sector Nationwide | Bilingual Brazilian | Widespread | 4.3 | Fast-growing and useful — but bilingual is not the same as an international examination track |
Minas and the south Outside the big three | Thinner provision | — | 0 | An iron-ore heartland and a tech capital, both thinner than their profiles suggest |
Cambridge A-Level provision Nationwide | Comparatively scarce | — | 0 | In an IB, American and bilingual market, UCAS applicants often find no local A-Level route |
Wolsey Hall Oxford / King's InterHigh (online) Online | Cambridge self-paced / UK online | Varies | 4.2 | Self-paced or priced far above Smartious — though UK providers are closer to Brazil on the clock than we are |
Smartious Homeschool (Brazil via online delivery) Delivered to all Brazil | Cambridge IGCSE, A-Level, IB DP, AP | BRL equivalent at prevailing rate | 4.8 | Every class live through A-Level + the A-Level route the market lacks + a six-hour offset that works + the STF position stated exactly, including the struck-down state laws |
Fee ranges reflect published 2026 tuition for Year 7-13 across the school's tier structure. Specific fees vary by year group and additional school charges (registration, capital fee, books, transport, uniforms). Smartious USD pricing translates to fixed BRL via the peg.
Homeschool laws & regulatory framework in the Brazil
Brazil is the most judicially settled country in our entire coverage on this question, which makes it one of the easiest to describe honestly and one of the easiest to describe dishonestly. Here is the ruling, exactly.
The obligation: four to seventeen
Educação básica in Brazil is compulsory from the age of four to the age of seventeen. That is a long compulsory range by international standards — longer than almost every country in our European coverage — and it means Brazil has no post-compulsory window before eighteen. Any provider offering a full-time programme to a sixteen-year-old resident in Brazil on the basis that compulsory schooling has ended is describing another country's law.
Tema 822: the thesis, quoted
In September 2018 the Plenary of the Supremo Tribunal Federal decided Recurso Extraordinário 888815 with repercussão geral, and fixed the thesis for Tema 822: there is no subjective public right of the student or their family to home education, which does not exist in Brazilian legislation. The case had come from a family in Canela, Rio Grande do Sul, who sought permission to educate their daughter at home. The recurso was denied, and the thesis binds.
The nuance that must always accompany it
The Court did not hold homeschooling unconstitutional in principle, and an honest account has to say so. It held that the modality could be created and regulated only by federal law enacted by the National Congress — and it indicated what such a law would have to contain: compliance with the four-to-seventeen obligation, respect for the solidary duty of family and State, a core of academic subjects, supervision, evaluation and inspection by the public authorities, measures to avoid school dropout, and guaranteed socialisation through family and community life. Bills have been debated in Congress; none has produced an enacted federal law. Until one does, the position is as the thesis states.
The state laws families read about — and why they do not help
This matters practically, because several states and the Distrito Federal have passed their own homeschooling laws and the reporting travels further than the outcomes. Santa Catarina's law was held unconstitutional and the STF upheld that in ARE 1459567; a Distrito Federal law met the same fate, upheld by the First Panel in RE 1492951. The reasoning is consistent: legislating on the directives and bases of national education is within the União's exclusive competence, so state, municipal, and district laws creating this modality are unconstitutional. If you have seen a local law reported, it is not a route, and we would rather tell you now than have you discover it through an enforcement conversation.
What that leaves — one configuration, stated honestly
For a child resident in Brazil, the arrangement we offer is supplementary and it runs from four to seventeen without exception. The school carries the enrolment, the national curriculum, and the route toward ENEM; Smartious teaches the Cambridge or IB track live alongside it, in a Brazilian morning or early-afternoon block, toward external examinations. Smartious is not an authorised Brazilian school and does not claim Brazilian official validity for the studies it delivers — those carry Cambridge, Pearson Edexcel, IB, or AP validity instead. It is a narrower offer than we make in most countries and we would rather state it plainly than blur it.
Why the clock is unusually kind here
One practical advantage worth stating after all that. Brazil ended daylight saving in 2019 and Kenya has never observed it, so the six-hour gap between our teaching base and Brazil's populated southeast is fixed year-round. A nine o'clock Brazilian class is three in the afternoon for us; a one o'clock Brazilian class is seven in the evening. Both are ordinary teaching hours. And because Brazilian schools very commonly run manhã and tarde shifts, most students have either a morning or an early afternoon genuinely free — so unlike some markets at this distance, the supplementary model fits the school day rather than fighting it.
Why Brazil families choose Smartious
Reasons grounded in the realities of Brazil education — local school capacity constraints, corporate transfer and diplomatic timing, commute and logistics, currency stability, and the curriculum portability that mobile expat and dual-nationality families need.
The STF position stated exactly, both halves
No subjective right to home education, which does not exist in Brazilian law — and not unconstitutional in principle, creatable only by a federal law Congress has not passed. We give families the whole ruling.
The struck-down state laws, named
Santa Catarina and the Distrito Federal both passed laws and both were invalidated. We say so rather than letting a family act on reporting.
The A-Level route a large market lacks
Brazil is well served for the IB, the American curriculum, and bilingual schooling, and comparatively thin on Cambridge A-Levels — which is what UCAS reads most directly.
A six-hour offset that genuinely works
Fixed year-round since Brazil ended daylight saving, with Brazilian mornings and early afternoons both inside our teaching day — and manhã/tarde shifts leaving most students one free window.
Portuguese kept alongside
Cambridge Portuguese runs beside the English-medium core, protecting Brazilian and Portuguese university routes while adding UK, US, and Canadian ones.
Honest about what we are
Not an authorised Brazilian school, and no claim to Brazilian official validity. We work alongside the school that has it.
What you can verify about Smartious
We publish only facts we can substantiate — operational history, curriculum coverage, teacher base, and infrastructure. No invented testimonials or pass-rate claims.
Founder-led education company
Founded 2019 by Alfred Ouko (BEd Mathematics & Physics). Smartious operates a full teaching team of 11 with two international-standard operational centres established 2022 and 2023. Not a marketplace, not a freelance network.
Two operational centres
Live teaching is delivered to Brazil families from two international-standard operational centres, established 2022 and 2023. Teachers work from professional academic facilities with accountability and infrastructure beyond marketplace or freelance models.
Cambridge-trained PGCE specialists
Teachers are PGCE-qualified subject specialists with Cambridge International training. Subject specialism means a Chemistry teacher teaches only Chemistry — not generalist primary-style teaching.
120+ countries served
Active students in Brazil and 13 other markets across Africa, the Gulf, Europe and Asia. Verifiable through cross-country cohort interaction in live classes.
Ontario Diploma (OSSD) partnership
Smartious students can earn the Ontario Secondary School Diploma through our partnership with Canadian Cross International School (Ontario-inspected private school). The OSSD is recognised by Canadian universities (OUAC), US universities (Common Application), UK universities (UCAS) and globally — particularly valuable for Canadian U15 applications.
5 international curricula
Cambridge IGCSE & A-Level (primary offering), Pearson Edexcel International GCSE & A-Level, IB Diploma Programme, American Curriculum with AP, Ontario Secondary School Diploma (OSSD) via Canadian Cross International School partnership. Multiple credential pathways per family.
Live class transparency
Every class is live with recorded sessions for review. Parents can audit class quality directly. This is materially different from pre-recorded video courses with light tutor support.
4.9 from 123+ verified Google reviews
“I have peace of mind as a Smartious Homeschool parent. No more traffic and early morning rush to school. Smartious are the most organized homeschool providers.”
“I am truly impressed by the level of professionalism at Smartious Homeschool and Tuition. The tutors are not only knowledgeable but also very patient and supportive. They create a comfortable learning environment where children feel free to ask questions. My child now enjoys studying and looks forward to every session.”
“What stands out most about Smartious Homeschool and Tuition is their dedication to each learner. They don't rush through topics but ensure the child fully understands before moving forward. The progress my child has made in a short time is impressive. I would definitely recommend them to any parent.”
Reviews above are from our verified Google Business Profile. For Brazil-specific parent references during your decision-making, request these during your free assessment — we can introduce you to current Brazil families happy to share their experience directly.
Accreditation, Recognition & University Pathways
Smartious students earn qualifications administered by independent international examination boards. Recognition flows from the board itself — not from the school that delivered the curriculum. Below is the accreditation, examination and verification framework that connects Brazilian Smartious students to universities worldwide.
Cambridge International
Cambridge Assessment International Education · University of Cambridge
Smartious's primary offer for Brazil families, in the only configuration Brazilian law leaves open for a resident child: live supplementary Cambridge subjects beside a Brazilian school enrolment, at every age up to seventeen. Classes run in the Brazilian morning or early afternoon on a fixed six-hour offset with no seasonal drift, and Cambridge Portuguese is available alongside the English-medium core. The school keeps the national track toward ENEM; we add the internationally examined one. Examinations at authorised provision confirmed per session.
Pearson Edexcel International
Pearson · UK Edexcel curriculum adapted for international delivery
International GCSE and International A-Level qualifications, administered by Pearson. Three examination series annually (January, May/June, October/November) providing additional flexibility versus the Cambridge twice-yearly schedule.
International Baccalaureate Organisation
IB Diploma Programme · IBO Geneva
IB Diploma administered by the International Baccalaureate Organisation in Geneva. Recognised by leading universities globally with particularly strong weighting at US Ivy League, US selective liberal arts colleges, Canadian U15 and top European universities.
College Board
American Curriculum with Advanced Placement (AP)
AP courses and examinations administered by the College Board, the US non-profit responsible for the SAT and AP programmes. AP scores are widely recognised by US universities for university credit, plus by Canadian, UK, Australian and many universities worldwide.
Ontario Secondary School Diploma (OSSD)
Canadian Cross International School · Ontario Ministry of Education
OSSD earned through Smartious's partnership with Canadian Cross International School, an Ontario-inspected private school. Smartious students enrol concurrently with CCIS to complete the OSSD curriculum and credit requirements alongside Cambridge or other pathways. OSSD is one of the most recognised secondary credentials worldwide — particularly strong for Canadian U15 admissions via OUAC, US universities via Common Application, and UK universities via UCAS.
Examination centre arrangements in Brazil
International examinations require attendance at authorised examination centres on specific dates. In Brazil, established examination centres serve Cambridge International, Pearson Edexcel and other major international qualifications.
Smartious manages examination registration logistics including centre selection, registration paperwork and deadline compliance. Cambridge International and Pearson Edexcel examinations for Brazil-based students sit as external candidates at authorised provision, with capacity confirmed per family per session. Brazil's large international and bilingual school sector means Cambridge provision is established here — São Paulo is checked first, with regional options in Rio, Brasília, and Belo Horizonte and travel planned ahead from the south. Note what does not change: our arrangement runs alongside a Brazilian school, which continues its own national track unchanged, including the ENEM route at the end of ensino médio. Smartious is not an authorised Brazilian school, and the qualifications we teach carry Cambridge, Pearson Edexcel, IB, or AP validity rather than Brazilian official validity — a distinction we state plainly.
University recognition worldwide
Cambridge International, Pearson Edexcel, IB Diploma and American AP qualifications are recognised across the major university systems globally.
USP, Unicamp, UFRJ, UFMG, UnB, UFSC and the federal university system, alongside PUC and the large private sector — one of the largest higher-education systems in the world, with entry principally through ENEM and institutional vestibulares.
Cambridge · Oxford · Imperial College London · UCL · LSE · King's College London · Edinburgh · Manchester · Bristol · Birmingham · Warwick · Durham · the Russell Group · the broader UK system via UCAS
Harvard · Yale · Princeton · Columbia · Penn · Brown · Dartmouth · Cornell · Amherst · Williams · Pomona · UC Berkeley · UCLA · Michigan · Virginia · top liberal arts and public research universities via the Common Application
Toronto · McGill · UBC · McMaster · Waterloo · Western · Queen's · the U15 research universities · OUAC for Ontario applications
Melbourne · Sydney · ANU · Monash · Queensland · UWA · Adelaide · UNSW · the Group of Eight via UAC
NYU Abu Dhabi · Sorbonne Abu Dhabi · Khalifa · AUS · AUD · UAE branch campuses · KFUPM · KAUST · KSU · KAU · Saudi national universities · Education City Doha (Georgetown · Northwestern · CMU · Cornell · Texas A&M · HEC Paris · UCL)
Berlin Humboldt · Munich LMU · Heidelberg · RWTH Aachen · TU Munich · French Grandes Écoles · Amsterdam · Leiden · Utrecht · Bologna · Sapienza · ETH Zurich · EPFL
How universities verify qualifications
Universities verify Cambridge International, Pearson Edexcel, IB Diploma and American AP qualifications directly with the issuing examination boards through standard verification services — Cambridge International Verification of Awards, Pearson's Verification of Results, the IB Organisation's verification service, and the College Board AP Score Reporting service. The qualification's credibility comes from the examination board itself, which is why these qualifications are equally valid whether earned at a physical school or through Smartious.
Curriculum approaches we offer Brazilian families
British Curriculum
Cambridge IGCSE & A-Level · Pearson Edexcel
Cambridge IGCSE: Years 10-11, eight to ten subjects. Cambridge A-Level: Years 12-13, three or four subjects in depth. Pearson Edexcel as British alternative with three examination series annually.
Brazil families targeting the Cambridge pathway. Best fit for: (1) families in the bilingual sector wanting a full international examination track, (2) energy families in Rio and Macaé and mining families across Minas whose careers move, (3) diplomatic and rotating households in Brasília, (4) professional families outside the international tier's fees, (5) students applying through UCAS who find no local A-Level route.
Live online classes in the Brazilian morning or early afternoon, small groups 4-6 students, every session recorded, alongside a Brazilian school.
IB Diploma Programme
International Baccalaureate Organisation
Grades 11-12. Six subjects (three Higher Level, three Standard Level), plus Theory of Knowledge, the Extended Essay (4,000-word independent research paper), and Creativity, Activity and Service (CAS).
Brazil families in the country's IB sector wanting live subject teaching, Theory of Knowledge, and Extended Essay supervision alongside their school.
Live online IB DP classes across all six subject groups plus Theory of Knowledge and Extended Essay supervision.
American Curriculum
College Board · AP · SAT & ACT
US high school curriculum through Grade 12. Advanced Placement courses Grades 9-12 with college-level subject specialisation. SAT or ACT preparation integrated alongside curriculum delivery.
Brazil families targeting US universities via Common Application.
American Curriculum with AP courses Grades 9-12, SAT/ACT preparation, Common App essay coaching.
Ontario Secondary School Diploma
OSSD · via Canadian Cross International School partnership
Grades 9-12 Ontario curriculum delivered through Smartious's partnership with Canadian Cross International School (Ontario-inspected private secondary school). Students complete the 30 credits required for OSSD including the Ontario Secondary School Literacy Test (OSSLT) and 40 community involvement hours.
Brazilian families targeting Canadian U15 universities (Toronto, McGill, UBC, McMaster, Waterloo, Western, Queen's) via OUAC, US universities via the Common Application, UK universities via UCAS, and Australian universities. The OSSD is particularly strong for direct Canadian university applications because students apply as Ontario secondary graduates rather than international students.
Live online instruction by qualified subject teachers, concurrent enrolment with Canadian Cross International School for official OSSD transcripting, Ontario course codes (ENG4U, MHF4U, SCH4U etc.) recorded against each student. CCIS issues the official Ontario diploma and transcript on successful completion of the OSSD requirements.
Primary, Secondary & Sixth Form
Primary Programmes
Ages 5-11 · Years 1-6 · Grades 1-5 · IB PYP
Cambridge Primary, Common Core or IB Primary Years Programme. Live classes are age-appropriate in length (40-50 minutes), scheduled in your local BRT time zone to suit Primary-age attention spans. Small group sizes support individual attention. Weekly parent dashboards and monthly written reports cover academic and developmental progress.
Secondary Programmes
Years 7-11 · Grades 6-11
Lower Secondary (Years 7-9) builds the foundations for IGCSE entry. IGCSE Years (10-11) cover eight to ten subjects with examination registration at Authorised Brazilian Cambridge provision. One-on-one subject choice consultation at IGCSE entry aligns subjects with university targets. Mid-year arrivals accepted with academic catch-up support.
Sixth Form & University Preparation
Years 12-13 · Grades 11-12
Brazilian universities admit principally through ENEM and institutional vestibulares, and foreign qualifications enter through revalidação and equivalence procedures with requirements confirmed per institution — a family intending to return into the Brazilian system should confirm that route specifically rather than assume it. Outward, Brazilian students are strongly oriented toward Portugal, which admits Brazilian and international candidates in large numbers and reads Cambridge A-Levels and the IB through its own equivalence routes; the United States and Canada follow, both reading A-Levels, the IB, and AP records directly; and UCAS reads A-Levels natively. A-Levels are accepted in 160+ countries — including the petroleum, mining, and geoscience programmes that our Rio and Minas families most often have in view. Smartious provides personalised university guidance across Portuguese, US, Canadian, UK (UCAS), and Brazilian destinations.
Eight reasons Brazilian families choose Smartious
Each reason is grounded in something verifiable — not in marketing claims.
Experienced international educators
Subject-specific degree-qualified teaching staff with cumulative experience across Cambridge International, Pearson Edexcel, IB Diploma and American Curriculum. Many hold advanced teaching credentials including PGCE, Cambridge PDT certification, or national teaching registration in their home jurisdiction.
Personalised learning plans
Every student begins with an initial assessment. The learning plan that follows is tailored to academic level, subject preferences, target universities and family situation — not a one-size-fits-all schedule.
Academic assessments
Initial diagnostic assessment. Weekly informal assessment within classes. Monthly formal assessments. Mock examinations under timed conditions during IGCSE and A-Level years. Results inform teaching adjustments.
Small class sizes
Online tier classes have four to six students. Online Plus has smaller groups. Premium is one-on-one. Class size affects individual attention, question response time, and student speaking time during class.
Progress monitoring
Weekly parent dashboards showing attendance and assessment results. Monthly written subject reports from each teacher. Termly comprehensive reports covering academic progress, study habits and university preparation.
Parent communication
Direct communication with subject teachers and form tutors via the parent portal. Email for admissions and pastoral matters, with response within one business day. Scheduled parent-teacher meetings each term.
Global student community
Live classes bring together students from across 14 countries. Wednesday afternoon enrichment programmes — coding, robotics, debate, Model UN, chess, journalism, leadership — develop collaborative learning across geographies.
University admissions guidance
Progressive guidance from Year 10 onwards. UCAS, Common Application, OUAC, UAC and direct university application support. Personal statement coaching, interview preparation and offer-management guidance.
Alfred Ouko
Founder, Smartious Homeschool & eSchool
Alfred Ouko is the founder of Smartious Homeschool & eSchool, established in 2019 while studying at the University of Nairobi. He has grown the organisation from a tuition support service into an international online school serving families across 14 countries, including Alfred Ouko founded Smartious in Nairobi in 2019 to make international qualifications accessible to families at online-delivery fees rather than campus ones. Brazil families join students in 67 other countries — and, unusually for the Americas, the timezone works: six hours, fixed, with Brazilian mornings and early afternoons both inside our teaching day..
Bachelor of Education (Science) — Mathematics and Physics, University of Nairobi (2022)
- Over six years supporting students through international curriculum pathways — Cambridge International (IGCSE and A-Level), Pearson Edexcel International, IB Diploma Programme, American Curriculum with AP, and homeschooling pathways.
- Direct teaching experience in secondary-level Mathematics and Physics across multiple international curriculum boards.
- Leadership of curriculum development, teacher recruitment and academic standards across Smartious's two international-standard operational centres and online programmes serving Brazil families.
- Specialism in supporting students through university admissions to Alfred holds a BEd in Mathematics and Physics — Smartious's Cambridge A-Level and IB Diploma STEM subjects are led personally when needed, suiting Minas's metallurgy and geoscience families, Rio's pre-salt households, and Florianópolis's technology community. Head of Academics supervises curriculum delivery and university placement strategy per family..
“International curriculum mastery is achievable for students from any background when subject specialists, small class sizes, and individual academic plans are combined with the discipline and structure good schools provide.”
Common questions from Brazil families
Is homeschooling legal in Brazil?+
No, as the law currently stands. In 2018 the STF fixed the thesis in Tema 822 (RE 888815) that there is no subjective public right of the student or their family to home education, which does not exist in Brazilian legislation. Importantly, the Court did not rule it unconstitutional in principle — it held that only a federal law enacted by the National Congress could create and regulate it, and no such law has been enacted. Educação básica remains compulsory from four to seventeen.
But my state passed a homeschooling law — can I use it?+
No. Santa Catarina's law was struck down and the STF upheld that in ARE 1459567; a Distrito Federal law was struck down and upheld in RE 1492951. Legislating on this falls within the União's exclusive competence over the directives and bases of national education, so state, municipal, and district laws creating the modality are unconstitutional.
What would a future federal law have to include?+
The STF indicated the conditions: compliance with the four-to-seventeen compulsory range, the solidary duty of family and State, a core of academic subjects, supervision, evaluation and inspection by the public authorities, measures against school dropout, and guaranteed socialisation. Bills have been debated without an enacted law, and we report that as unresolved rather than imminent.
So what can Smartious offer in Brazil?+
One thing, done properly: live Cambridge or IB teaching alongside your Brazilian school, from age four to seventeen and beyond. The school keeps the enrolment and the national track toward ENEM; we add the internationally examined one.
Is Smartious an authorised Brazilian school?+
No, and we say so plainly. The qualifications we teach carry Cambridge, Pearson Edexcel, IB, or AP validity rather than Brazilian official validity. We work alongside the school that holds the Brazilian one.
How does the timezone work?+
Better than most of the Americas. Brazil ended daylight saving in 2019 and Kenya has never observed it, so the six-hour gap is fixed year-round — a nine o'clock Brazilian class is three in the afternoon for us, a one o'clock class is seven in the evening, and both are ordinary teaching hours. Brazilian schools commonly run manhã and tarde shifts, so most students have one window genuinely free.
Why Cambridge when Brazil has so many bilingual and IB schools?+
Because bilingual is not the same as an international examination track, and Cambridge A-Level provision is comparatively thin here. Families applying through UCAS frequently find their school offers no A-Level route, and A-Levels are what UK admissions reads most directly.
Which parts of Brazil does Smartious cover?+
São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Brasília, Belo Horizonte and Minas Gerais, and Florianópolis and Santa Catarina have dedicated pages. Live online delivery works identically anywhere in the country.
Brazilian students join a 14+ country global cohort
Live classes bring together students from across Africa, the Gulf, Europe and Asia. A Brazil student in our Year 11 IGCSE Mathematics class will be alongside peers in Cairo, Dubai, Bangkok, Seoul, Casablanca and Kigali. The Wednesday enrichment programmes (debate, Model UN, robotics, journalism) operate as one global classroom rather than thirteen separate national ones.